Uncontrolled diabetes, whether type 1 or type 2, can lead to a
range of serious complications over time.
The consistently elevated blood sugar levels damage blood vessels, nerves, and various organs in the
body. Here are some of the potential complications:
- Cardiovascular Disease: Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease, stroke,
high blood pressure,
and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
- Neuropathy: High blood sugar can damage the nerves, especially in the legs.
This can lead to
tingling, numbness, pain, and even complete loss of sensation in some areas.
- Nephropathy: Diabetes can damage the kidneys and, over time, may lead to kidney
failure, requiring
dialysis or kidney transplantation.
- Retinopathy: Diabetes can lead to eye complications, including damage to the
blood vessels of the
retina, potentially leading to blindness. Other eye problems that can occur include cataracts
and
glaucoma.
- Foot complications: Poor blood flow and neuropathy can lead to foot problems,
such as ulcers,
infections, and even amputations.
- Skin and mouth conditions: Diabetes makes one more susceptible to bacterial and
fungal infections.
It can also lead to conditions like dry mouth, which can cause dental problems.
- Osteoporosis: Diabetes may increase the risk of weak and brittle bones.
- Hearing impairment: Diabetes may be linked to hearing problems.
- Alzheimer's disease: Type 2 diabetes may increase the risk of Alzheimer's
disease and other
dementias. The reasons for this aren't fully understood, but poor blood sugar control seems to
be a
contributing factor.
- Ketoacidosis: If not managed correctly, especially in type 1 diabetes, it can
lead to a dangerous
condition where the body starts breaking down fats, producing ketones, which can lead to a
life-threatening condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
- Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS): This is a serious
condition seen primarily
in those with type 2 diabetes, wherein extremely high blood sugar levels lead to severe
dehydration and
can be life-threatening if not treated.
- Gastroparesis: Diabetes can damage the nerves controlling the stomach, leading
to slowed emptying
of the stomach, causing nausea, vomiting, bloating, and loss of appetite.
- Impaired immune function: Elevated blood sugars can impair the body's immune
function, making it
easier for infections to set in.
- Sexual dysfunction: Men with diabetes are at a higher risk of erectile
dysfunction, and women may
experience changes in their menstrual cycle and reduced vaginal lubrication.
- Mental health effects: Uncontrolled diabetes can also increase the risk of
depression and may
affect cognitive abilities.
These potential complications underscore the importance of early
diagnosis, appropriate medical
management, lifestyle changes, and consistent monitoring for individuals with diabetes. Regular
medical
check-ups and adherence to prescribed treatments can help manage blood sugar levels and reduce
the risk
of these complications.